58 research outputs found
EFEKTIFITAS PENYULUHAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT DI SDN 2 SUKA BUMI
Get PDFPerilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat di sekolah merupakan sebuah perilaku yang dilakukan guru, murid dan masyarakat lingkungan sekolah. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar mampu mencegah penyakit, meningkatkan kesehatannya, serta berperan aktif dalam mewujudkan lingkungan yang sehat. Adapun manfaat PHBS yaitu guna meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat sehingga masyarakat mau dan mampu menjalankan hidup bersih dan sehat. Tujuan dilakukannya penyuluhan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat untuk meningkatkan wawasan dan pengetahuan siswa agar mengetahui dan mampu mempraktikkan PHBS serta dapat berperan aktif dalam mewujudkan sekolah sehat pada pelajar kelas V di SDN 2 Sukabumi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyuluhan ini yaitu dengan desain quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan One group pre test dan post test. Setelah mengisi pre test dan post test hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan menurun dari 8,35% menjadi 8,13% untuk tingkat sikap terjadi kenaikan dari 30,96% menjadi 34,00% dan untuk tingkat perilaku terdapat kenaikan dari 17,47% menjadi 18,78% dengan total populasi 23 siswa/i kelas V. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penyuluhan ini yaitu hasil analisis t dependen tidak berdampak pada pengetahuan siswa/siswi. Hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan terdapatnya nilai rata-rata pre test sebesar 8,35 dan post test 8,13 pada uji t dependen
Hypomethylation of MB-COMT promoter is a major risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Get PDFThe variability in phenotypic presentations and the lack of consistency of genetic associations in mental illnesses remain a major challenge in molecular psychiatry. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that altered promoter DNA methylation could play a critical role in mediating differential regulation of genes and in facilitating short-term adaptation in response to the environment. Here, we report the investigation of the differential activity of membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (MB - COMT) due to altered promoter methylation and the nature of the contribution of COMT Val158Met polymorphism as risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder by analyzing 115 post-mortem brain samples from the frontal lobe. These studies are the first to reveal that the MB - COMT promoter DNA is frequently hypomethylated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, compared with the controls (methylation rate: 26 and 29 versus 60; P = 0.004 and 0.008, respectively), particularly in the left frontal lobes (methylation rate: 29 and 30 versus 81; P = 0.003 and 0.002, respectively). Quantitative gene-expression analyses showed a corresponding increase in transcript levels of MB - COMT in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients compared with the controls (P = 0.02) with an accompanying inverse correlation between MB - COMT and DRD1 expression. Furthermore, there was a tendency for the enrichment of the Val allele of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism with MB - COMT hypomethylation in the patients. These findings suggest that MB - COMT over-expression due to promoter hypomethylation and/or hyperactive allele of COMT may increase dopamine degradation in the frontal lobe providing a molecular basis for the shared symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. © Copyright 2006 Oxford University Press
Ectopic Cdx2 Expression in Murine Esophagus Models an Intermediate Stage in the Emergence of Barrett's Esophagus
Get PDFBarrett's esophagus (BE) is an intestinal metaplasia that occurs in the setting of chronic acid and bile reflux and is associated with a risk for adenocarcinoma. Expression of intestine-specific transcription factors in the esophagus likely contributes to metaplasia development. Our objective was to explore the effects of an intestine-specific transcription factor when expressed in the mouse esophageal epithelium. Transgenic mice were derived in which the transcription factor Cdx2 is expressed in squamous epithelium using the murine Keratin-14 gene promoter. Effects of the transgene upon cell proliferation and differentiation, gene expression, and barrier integrity were explored. K14-Cdx2 mice express the Cdx2 transgene in esophageal squamous tissues. Cdx2 expression was associated with reduced basal epithelial cell proliferation and altered cell morphology. Ultrastructurally two changes were noted. Cdx2 expression was associated with dilated space between the basal cells and diminished cell-cell adhesion caused by reduced Desmocollin-3 mRNA and protein expression. This compromised epithelial barrier function, as the measured trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the K14-Cdx2 epithelium was significantly reduced compared to controls (1189 Ohm*cm2 ±343.5 to 508 Ohm*cm2±92.48, p = 0.0532). Secondly, basal cells with features of a transitional cell type, intermediate between keratinocytes and columnar Barrett's epithelial cells, were observed. These cells had reduced keratin bundles and increased endoplasmic reticulum levels, suggesting the adoption of secretory-cell features. Moreover, at the ultrastructural level they resembled “Distinctive” cells associated with multilayered epithelium. Treatment of the K14-Cdx2 mice with 5′-Azacytidine elicited expression of BE-associated genes including Cdx1, Krt18, and Slc26a3/Dra, suggesting the phenotype could be advanced under certain conditions. We conclude that ectopic Cdx2 expression in keratinocytes alters cell proliferation, barrier function, and differentiation. These altered cells represent a transitional cell type between normal squamous and columnar BE cells. The K14-Cdx2 mice represent a useful model to study progression from squamous epithelium to BE
Extracting key information from historical data to quantify the transmission dynamics of smallpox
Get PDF<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Quantification of the transmission dynamics of smallpox is crucial for optimizing intervention strategies in the event of a bioterrorist attack. This article reviews basic methods and findings in mathematical and statistical studies of smallpox which estimate key transmission parameters from historical data.</p> <p>Main findings</p> <p>First, critically important aspects in extracting key information from historical data are briefly summarized. We mention different sources of heterogeneity and potential pitfalls in utilizing historical records. Second, we discuss how smallpox spreads in the absence of interventions and how the optimal timing of quarantine and isolation measures can be determined. Case studies demonstrate the following. (1) The upper confidence limit of the 99th percentile of the incubation period is 22.2 days, suggesting that quarantine should last 23 days. (2) The highest frequency (61.8%) of secondary transmissions occurs 3–5 days after onset of fever so that infected individuals should be isolated before the appearance of rash. (3) The U-shaped age-specific case fatality implies a vulnerability of infants and elderly among non-immune individuals. Estimates of the transmission potential are subsequently reviewed, followed by an assessment of vaccination effects and of the expected effectiveness of interventions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Current debates on bio-terrorism preparedness indicate that public health decision making must account for the complex interplay and balance between vaccination strategies and other public health measures (e.g. case isolation and contact tracing) taking into account the frequency of adverse events to vaccination. In this review, we summarize what has already been clarified and point out needs to analyze previous smallpox outbreaks systematically.</p
Prevalenoe of Drug - Resistant Staphylococci in Teheran University Hospital Wards
No full text1) Fifty coagulase posittve strains of staphylococc~~ ~folated fr.o~ .the nose"nand wrist of Hospital nurses have been examined for sensltfvlty to pemcilhn, tetracyclines,"nchloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin, erythrorriycm, neomycin, kana.n:ycin,"nbacitracin, polymyxin-B and the triple sulfa. The percentages of fully sensittve strains at the present are as followe:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Erythromycin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100%"nNeomycin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 78%"nKanamycin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 78%"nChloramphenicol&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 68%"nDihydrostreptomycin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 52%"nPenicillin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18%"nTetracyclines&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 16%"nPolymyxin-B&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1%"nTriple sulfa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0%"n2) The following topics have been discussed:"na) The origin anr" mechanism of drug resistance"nb) Cross-resistr.nee"nc) The hospital epidemiology of Staphylococcus"nd) The clinical implications of Staphylococcus drug-resistanc
Evaluation of Electro Physiological Changes of Sleep among Patients with Supratentorial Ischemic Stroke and Comparison with Control group
Get PDFAbstract:
Background & Aims: Sleep disorders are common complains in patients with cerebral stroke; studies on these issues are limited. We aimed to evaluate the sleep changes in patients with supratentorial ischemic stroke.
Methods: In this cross sectional study, 38 patients (19 patients in supratentorial ischemic stroke group and 19 people in control group) were evaluated. Total sleep time, sleep efficacy, percent of stage 2 of Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, Rapid eye movement (REM) latency, sleep spindle, sleep intensity, and saw tooth wave were evaluated by Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring during sleep in both groups and were compared between them.
Results: Patients in supratentorial ischemic stroke group had less sleep efficacy (P < 0.01), shorter stage 2 of NREM sleep (P < 0.01), greater REM latency (P < 0.05) and lesser sleep spindles (P < 0.01) in comparison with those in control group. There was no significant difference in saw tooth wave between two groups. Significant differences observed between two hemisphere in sleep density (P = 0.01) and REM latency (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Supratentorial ischemic stroke accompanied with sleep changes on EEG monitoring. These changes were seen in both REM and NREM periods and showed that supratentorial structures are involved in sleep–awake process.
Keywords: Supratentorial ischemic stroke, Electroencephalogram monitoring, Slee
Sorry seems to be the hardest word: cultural differences in apologizing effectively
No full textApologies can have desirable effects on the reduction of anger and may foster forgiveness. Yet, we know little about the effectiveness of apologies across different cultures. In this research, we distinguished two important components of apologies: admission of blame by the self and the expression of remorse for the plight of the other. We investigated how these two components resonate with cultural values associated with dignity and honor. Results revealed that although an apology increased forgiveness in both cultures, honor-culture members tended to forgive less and retaliate more than dignity-culture members, after an apology. This cultural difference was mediated by the extent to which honor-culture (vs. dignity-culture) members perceived the apology to express (less) remorse and thus be (less) sincere
Sorry seems to be the hardest word: cultural differences in apologizing effectively
Get PDFApologies can have desirable effects on the reduction of anger and may foster forgiveness. Yet, we know little about the effectiveness of apologies across different cultures. In this research, we distinguished two important components of apologies: admission of blame by the self and the expression of remorse for the plight of the other. We investigated how these two components resonate with cultural values associated with dignity and honor. Results revealed that although an apology increased forgiveness in both cultures, honor-culture members tended to forgive less and retaliate more than dignity-culture members, after an apology. This cultural difference was mediated by the extent to which honor-culture (vs. dignity-culture) members perceived the apology to express (less) remorse and thus be (less) sincere
EVALUATION OK DIFFERENT METHODS OF DIJEFTION OF SPUTUM FOR THE CULTURE OF MYCOBACTERIUM
No full textجهت ارزشيابي روشهاي مختلف هموژنه ايزاسيون خلط براي كشت ميكرب سل 200 نمونه از خلط بيماران بستري در آسايشگاه بوعلي به سه روش « ان- استيل- ال - سيستئين» ، « سديم لوريل سولفات» و « سديم هيدراكسيد (پتروف)» كشت داده شد و نتايج زير بدست آمد.
1- در 200 نمونه خلط خالص (رقيق نشده) تعداد درصد مثبت ها با روش سديم لوريل سولفات بيش از دو روش ديگر مي باشد.
2- در 200 نمونه خلط مورد آزمايش كه به نسبت هاي 2-10، 4-10 ، 6-10 رقيق گرديده و با سه روش مذكور كشت داده شد بطور كلي ميزان درصد مثبت ها در روش ان - استيل - ال - سيستئين بطور قابل ملاحظه اي بالاتر از دو روش ديگر مي باشد
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